Alain C. Enthoven is a senior fellow, Center for Health Policy, Institute for International Studies, and the Marriner S. Eccles Professor of Public and Private Management, Emeritus, in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. Mr. Enthoven is also a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a consultant to Kaiser Permanente, and a director of eBenX, The Integrated HealthCare Association, and RxIntelligence. Previously, Mr. Enthoven was an economist with the RAND Corporation, assistant secretary of defense, and president of Litton Medical Products. In 1977, he designed and proposed Consumer Choice Health Plan, a plan for universal health insurance based on managed competition in the private sector. Mr. Enthoven was formerly the chairman of the Health Benefits Advisory Council for CalPERS, chairman of the California Managed Health Care Improvement Task Force, Rock Carling Fellow of the Nuffield Trust of London and visiting professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He recently served on the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on the National Quality Report Card. His latest book: In Pursuit of an Improving National Health Service, was published by the Nuffield Trust in November 1999.
Philip K. Howard is founder and chairman of Common Good, a national bi-partisan coalition organized to overhaul America’s lawsuit culture and restore the role of common sense in American institutions. He is also vice-chairman of Covington & Burling and the author of The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (Random House, 1995) and The Collapse of the Common Good: How America’s Lawsuit Culture Undermines Our Freedom (Ballantine, 2002). Mr. Howard has advised leaders of both parties on reform initiatives. He was special advisor to the Securities and Exchange Commission on regulatory simplification, worked on environmental and management reforms with Vice President Al Gore’s reinventing government program, advised the Republican leadership on regulatory reform, and worked on overhauling civil service and other bureaucratic institutions with several governors. Mr. Howard is a periodic contributor to the op-ed pages of The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal and speaks before judicial, government and professional organizations around the country. In the forthcoming Oxford Companion to American Law, he is contributing the section on American law since 1968.
Karen Ignagni is president and chief executive officer of the American Association of Health Plans (AAHP) and is widely regarded as one of the nation’s leading authorities on the public policy, legislative, and public affairs issues challenging the managed care industry today. At the helm of AAHP since 1993, Ms. Ignagni’s accolades are as numerous and varied as the association’s 1,000 member health plans: in March 2001,
George magazine placed Ms. Ignagni at #21 on a new list of the 50 Most Powerful People in Politics. At the height of the patient protection debate in the United States Senate in 1999, The New York Times profiled Ms. Ignagni, writing, "In a city teeming with health care lobbyists, Ms. Ignagni is widely considered one of the most effective. She blends a detailed knowledge of health policy with an intuitive feel for politics." Ms. Ignagni has a long and distinguished involvement in health care issues. Prior to joining AAHP (formerly Group Health Association of America), Ms. Ignagni directed the AFL-CIO Department of Employee Benefits. In the 1980s, she was a Professional Staff Member of the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, preceded by work at the Committee for National Health Insurance and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Robert E. Litan is co-director of the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. Mr. Litan is also vice president and director of the Economic Studies Program and Cabot Family Chair in Economics at the Brookings Institution, co-chairman of the Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee, and co-editor of the Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services and Emerging Markets Finance. Formerly, he was associate director of the Office of Management and Budget, deputy assistant attorney general in the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, and a regulatory specialist for the President’s Council of Economic Advisers. An economist and an attorney who has practiced law and taught banking law at the Yale Law School, Mr. Litan has authored, co-authored or edited 22 books and over 150 articles in journals, magazines and newspapers on government policies affecting financial institutions, regulatory and legal issues, international trade, and the economy in general. He has consulted for numerous organizations, public and private, and testified as an expert witness in a variety of legal and regulatory proceedings.
Donald J. Palmisano was elected to the American Medical Association (AMA) Board of Trustees in 1996 and re-elected in 1999. He is Secretary-Treasurer and serves on the Executive Committee, the Audit Committee, the Finance Committee and chairs the Compensation Committee. Mr. Palmisano is on the Board of Directors of the National Patient Safety Foundation, is a member of the Board of Commissioners of the JCAHO, serves on the National Advisory Council of the Annenberg Center for Health Sciences and is clinical professor of surgery and clinical professor of medical jurisprudence at Tulane University. Mr. Palmisano is board-certified in surgery as well as licensed to practice law in Louisiana. He played a key role in the passage of the landmark Louisiana Medical Malpractice Act of 1975, helping to plan and implement the tort reform. Mr. Palmisano has served on the Governor’s Commission on Medical Malpractice, was chair of the legal subcommittee of the Governor’s Commission on Organ Donations, and currently chairs the Louisiana Medical Disclosure Panel that determines therapy risks. Mr. Palmisano was a founding member of a physician-owned Louisiana professional liability company. He is now president of Intrepid Resources®/The Medical Risk Manager Company, which provides professional liability claims handling, risk management consultation, and patient safety advice to physicians, clinics, and hospitals.
